Ukuhlaziya ngamayunithi nokuguqula amayunithi

Kungani isici sokuguqula siyi-1 ethelwe

Ukulingana okufana no-1 L = 1000 mL kusho ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili zichaza inani elifanayo. Ngakho ukwahlukanisa uhlangothi olulodwa ngolunye kunikeza isilinganiso esilingana no-1 ngqo: (1000 mL / 1 L) = 1 kanye no-(1 L / 1000 mL) = 1. Ukuphindaphinda inani ngo-1 akuliguquli inani; kuguqula kuphela indlela elivezwa ngayo. Yilokho konke ukuthethelela kwale ndlela.

Ngoba ukulingana ngakunye kunikeza izilinganiso ezimbili, ukhetha indlela ekhansela iyunithi onayo futhi ishiye iyunithi oyifunayo. Ukuguqula u-0.355 L abe ama-milliliter, bhala u-0.355 L × (1000 mL / 1 L) = 355 mL. Ama-liter ayakhanselana ngoba u-L uvela kanye ku-numerator nakanye ku-denominator. Uma amayunithi engakhanseli, isici siphenduke ngenhla phansi, futhi ukwazi lokho ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izibalo.

Ukulingana okuqondile nokulinganisiwe

Okunye ukulingana kuyincazelo futhi kuqondile: wonke ama-prefix e-SI (1 km = 10³ m, 1 µg = 10⁻⁶ g), 1 L = 1 dm³, 1 mL = 1 cm³, kanye ne-1 inch = 2.54 cm. Izici eziqondile azilokothi zikhawulele izinombolo ezibalulekile. Okunye ukulingana kuvela ekulinganisweni, njengokuminyana noma isisindo sethanga elilodwa, futhi izinombolo zako ezibalulekile zibalwa njenganoma yiliphi elinye inani elilinganisiwe.

Izici ze-prefix zingumthombo ovame kakhulu wamaphutha okuphenduka ngenhla phansi. Funda u-1 µg = 10⁻⁶ g ngokuthi i-microgram eyodwa ingeyesigidi segremu. Iyunithi encane ithola u-1 futhi iyunithi enkulu ithola amandla amancane ka-ishumi, noma ngokulinganayo 1 g = 10⁶ µg. Ukubhala u-1 g = 10⁻⁶ µg kuphendula ubudlelwano ngesici esingu-10¹².

• Ubude: 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm; 1 inch = 2.54 cm (ngqo).
• Ivolumu: 1 L = 1000 mL = 1 dm³; 1 mL = 1 cm³; 1 m³ = 1000 L.
• Isisindo: 1 kg = 1000 g; 1 mg = 10⁻³ g; 1 µg = 10⁻⁶ g.
• Isikhathi: 1 h = 60 min = 3600 s.

Ukuxhuma izici eziningana emugqeni owodwa

Lapho kungekho ukulingana okukodwa okuxhuma amayunithi okuqala nawokugcina, phindaphinda uchungechunge lwezici, ngasinye sikhansela iyunithi eyethulwe yisandulele. Ukubhala uchungechunge lonke ngaphambi kokubala kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukukhanselana ngokubheka kanye futhi kugwema ukuyisa phakathi kwamasinyathelo.

Isibonelo esisebenzile 1. Impompi iletha isincibilikisi ngo-1.75 mL/min. Isilinganiso sokugeleza siyini ngama-liter ngehora? Amayunithi amabili kumele ashintshe, elilodwa ku-numerator nelinye ku-denominator. Setha u-1.75 mL/min × (1 L / 1000 mL) × (60 min / 1 h). Ama-milliliter ayakhanselana, imizuzu iyakhanselana, futhi kusala u-L/h. Isibalo singu-1.75 × 60 ÷ 1000 = 0.105 L/h. Zombili izici ziqondile, ngakho impendulo igcina izinombolo ezintathu ezibalulekile zika-1.75 mL/min.

Ukuhlola okusheshayo kokufaneleka kuyasiza lapha: ihora linemizuzu engu-60, ngakho ivolumu ngehora kumele ibe likhulu kunangomzuzu, cishe u-105 mL. Kuvezwe ngama-liter lokho kungaba yingxenye yeshumi yeliter, okuhambisana no-0.105 L/h.

Amayunithi ayisikwele neyikhubhi adinga izici ezingamasikwele namakhubhi

Iyunithi ezuziwe njenge-cm³ isho i-cm × cm × cm. Ukuyiguqula kudinga ukusebenzisa isici sobude kanye kubukhulu ngabunye, okwenza ngokuphakamisa lonke isici, inombolo neyunithi ndawonye, emandleni afanele. (1 m / 100 cm)³ ilingana no-1 m³ / 10⁶ cm³, hhayi no-1 m³ / 100 cm³.

Isibonelo esisebenzile 2. Ikhabethe lokugcina linevolumu yangaphakathi engu-0.0465 m³. Yivezé ngama-cubic centimeter nangama-liter. Ngama-cubic centimeter: 0.0465 m³ × (100 cm / 1 m)³ = 0.0465 × 10⁶ cm³ = 4.65 × 10⁴ cm³. Ngama-liter, sebenzisa 1 m³ = 1000 L: 0.0465 m³ × (1000 L / 1 m³) = 46.5 L. Njengokuhlola okuphambene, 4.65 × 10⁴ cm³ × (1 mL / 1 cm³) × (1 L / 1000 mL) nakho kunikeza 46.5 L.

Izilinganiso namanye amayunithi axubile alandela umqondo ofanayo. Ingcindezi ngo-N/m², isivinini ngo-m/s, nokugxila ngo-mol/L kunamayunithi aguqulwa ngokwehlukana ngamunye, kuhlonishwa ama-exponent.

Ukuminyana njengebhuloho eliphakathi kwesisindo nevolumu

Ukuminyana kungesisindo esihlukaniswe ngevolumu, ngakho kusebenza njengesici sokuguqula noma kuyiphi indlela: (g / mL) iguqula ivolumu ibe yisisindo, kanti (mL / g) iguqula isisindo sibe yivolumu. Ngokungafani nezici ze-prefix, ukuminyana kuyalinganiswa, kuncike ezingeni lokushisa, futhi kukhawulela izinombolo ezibalulekile.

Isibonelo esisebenzile 3. I-OpenStax Chemistry 2e (Itafula 1.4) ibhala ukuminyana kwe-glycerin ngo-1.26 g/cm³ eduze nezinga lokushisa lasekamelweni. Iyiphi ivolumu ye-glycerin equkethe u-15.0 g? Phendula ukuminyana ukuze amagremu akhansele: 15.0 g × (1 cm³ / 1.26 g) = 11.9 cm³, okungu-11.9 mL ngoba 1 cm³ = 1 mL ngqo. Isibali sikhombisa u-11.905, futhi zombili ama-inputhi anezinombolo ezintathu ezibalulekile.

Manje hamba ngenye indlela ngochungechunge olude: isisindo, ngama-kilogram, se-2.50 L ye-glycerin singakanani? 2.50 L × (1000 mL / 1 L) × (1 cm³ / 1 mL) × (1.26 g / 1 cm³) × (1 kg / 1000 g) = 3.15 kg. Iliter lamanzi linesisindo esicishe sibe ngu-1 kg, kanti i-glycerin iminyene kancane kunamanzi, ngakho okungaphezu kancane kuka-2.5 kg kuyafaneleka.

Izikali zezinga lokushisa nokunye ukuguqula okunama-offset

Indlela ye-factor-label iphatha ubudlelwano obulinganayo, lapho u-zero kuyunithi eyodwa kusho u-zero kwenye. Izikali ze-Celsius, ze-Fahrenheit nezekelvin azabelani nge-zero, ngakho ukuguqula izinga lokushisa kudinga isibalo esinokungezwa kwe-offset: T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15, kanye ne-T(°F) = 1.8 × T(°C) + 32. Isibonelo, u-21.47 °C ungu-21.47 + 273.15 = 294.62 K no-1.8 × 21.47 + 32 = 70.65 °F.

Ushintsho lwezinga lokushisa luhlukile. Ushintsho lwe-1 °C lulingana noshintsho lwe-1 K noshintsho lwe-1.8 °F, ngaphandle kwe-offset, ngoba i-offset iyakhanselwa uma ukhipha amazinga amabili okushisa. Gcina umehluko emqondweni lapho isibalo sokushisa noma sesilinganiso sisebenzisa i-ΔT esikhundleni se-T.

Amaphutha okuguqula nokuthi uwabamba kanjani

Ukuhlaziya ngamayunithi kuqinisekisa ukuthi iyunithi yokugcina ifanele uma isici ngasinye siyiqiniso lokulingana. Akuqinisekisi ukuthi ukhethe inani elifanele, ngakho hlanganisa ukuhlola amayunithi nokulinganisa usayizi.

Ngaphambi kokuphindaphinda, nquma ukuthi inombolo kufanele ikhule noma inciphe yini. Ukuguqulela eyunithini encane, njengokusuka kuma-liter ukuya kuma-milliliter, kunikeza inombolo enkulu; ukuguqulela eyunithini enkulu kunikeza encane. Uma umphumela uya ngendlela engafanele, isici sinezinombolo ezihlehlisiwe, yilokho kanye okwenziwa yi-prefix ekhunjulwe kabi nakuba amayunithi ebonakala ekhansela.

• Isici esiphenduliwe: uma iyunithi obufuna ukuyisusa isasele, phendula leso sici.
• I-prefix ehlehlisiwe: hlola ukuthi iyunithi encane inenani elikhulu, njengo-1 kg = 1000 g.
• Ukukhohlwa amandla: izici zendawo nevolumu kufanele zibe yisikwele noma ikhubhi, kuhlanganise nenombolo.
• Ukulahla amayunithi phakathi nokubala: bhala amayunithi kunombolo ngayinye ukuze ukungakhanseli kuhlale kubonakala.
• Ukuthatha isici esilinganisiwe njengesiqondile: ukuminyana noma isisindo esilinganisiwe sento ngayinye kukhawulela izinombolo ezibalulekile.
• Amayunithi alungile, i-physics engalungile: amagremu esixazululo namagremu e-solute zombili zikhansela njengo-g, ngakho thola igama lenani ngalinye ngokuthi lichaza ini.